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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Early phase of printing in Calcutta ： ウィキペディア英語版 Early phase of printing in Calcutta In the last quarter of the 18th century, Calcutta grew into the first major centre of commercial and government printing. For the first time in the context of South Asia it becomes possible to talk of a nascent book trade which was full-fledged and included the operations of printers, binders, subscription publishing and libraries. ==Background== The question which begins Graham Shaw’s seminal work on this period ''Printing in Calcutta to 1800'' is whether the small self-contained European community in Calcutta strongly felt the need for a printing press. Shaw emphasizes how the early phase of printing in Calcutta marked a transition between print culture and a culture that depended on a race of scribes. A letter to the editor of the ''India Gazette'' (7 April 1781) implies how the easy availability of scribes made printing seem a less urgent step to be introduced by the government “Not many months ago, before the fear of printing in Bengal was somewhat abated, the discerning humourists of the colony were infrequently entertained with manuscript advertisements, hand bills, and other manuals of advice, with divers and sundry further literary; either hawked about, like state minutes in circulation….”〔Graham Shaw, ''Printing in Calcutta to 1800'', (London:The Bibliographical Society, 1981).〕 Miles Ogborn partly answers the question that Shaw raises in ''Indian Ink: script and print in the making of the English East India Company'' when he explains how the East India Company introduced printing not simply to facilitate trade, but more importantly, to consolidate the empire. Therefore, the “fear of printing” as cited in the letter above disappears in the 1770s when the Company needs to cement the empire. Till this time, scribes made handwritten announcements and promulgations as seen in the letter cited above.〔Miles Ogborn, ''Indian Ink: script and print in the making of the English East India Company'', (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2007).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Early phase of printing in Calcutta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.